Indian History GK

• 2800 BC Indus Valley Civilization begins in the northwestern region of India

•2600 BC Mohenjo-daro and Harappa phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins, in Punjab and Sindh. Other cities like Lothal, Mehrgarh also emerged during this period.

•1600 BC India is invaded by the Aryans from the west

•1400 BC The Vedas, the Hindu scripture, was written

•600 BC The Upanishads written

•599 BC Mahavira, 24th Tirthankar of Jainism is born

•563 BC Gautam Buddha, founder of Buddhism is born in Lumbini

•527 BC Nirvana of Mahavira

•492 BC Bimbisara dies and is succeeded by Ajatashatru in Magadha Empire

•483 BC Death of Gautama Buddha in Kushinagar

•326 BC Alexander the Great moved into India, King Porus who ruled parts of the Punjab, fought Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

•321 BC Chandragupta Maurya established Mauryan dynasty defeating Dhana Nanda

•305 BC Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleucus Nicator of the Seleucid Empire.

•300 BC Chola dynasty establishes his kingdom over southern India with capital in Thanjavur

•269 BC Ashoka the Great, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, becomes the emperor of India

•261 BC Kalinga War takes place between Magadha Empire and the kingdom of Kalinga.

•232 BC Death of King Ashoka

•185 BC The Mauryan Empire, collapsed after its emperor Brihadrata was assassinated by his general Pusyamitra Sunga who then established the Sunga dynasty

•50 AD Establishment of the Kushan empire by Kujula Kadphises, first Buddhist stupa is constructed at Sanchi

•300 The Pallava dynasty is established in Kanchi

•320 The Gupta dynasty founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta, reunited northern India initiating the "golden Age" of India

•335 King Samudragupta ascends the Gupta throne and expands the empire.

•380 Chandragupta II, Samudragupta's son becomes the Gupta Emperor.

•450 Invasions by the Huna.

•606 Harshavardhana crowned Monarch.

•712 First Muslim, Md. Bin Qasim defeats Raja Dahir

•1021 Mahmud Ghazni defeats Tarnochalpal and annexes Punjab

•1206 Qutb ub-din Aybak establishes the Delhi Sultanate

•1221 Genghis Khan invades Punjab

•1236 Razia Sultana, only lady ruler of Delhi

•1290 Jalal ud-Din Firuz establishes the Khilji sultanate at Delhi

•1298 Marco Polo visits India

•1336 Vijayanagara Empire established by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I

•1398 Timur conquered India resulting in the decline of the Delhi Sultanate

•1469 Birth of Guru Nanak Dev

•1497 Vasco de Gama's first voyage from Europe to India and back (to 1499)

•1526 Babur established the Mughal Empire

•1555 Mughal king Humayun comes to fight Sher Shah and regains India

•1556 Humayun dies, and is succeeded by Akbar

•1600 Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to the East India Company established trading posts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras

•1605 Akbar dies, and is succeeded by his son Jehangir.

•1612 British arrives India

•1632 Taj Mahal construction initiated by Mughal ruler Shah Jahan

•1653 Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan dies, and is succeeded by his son Aurangzeb.

•1675 Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhs is executed in Delhi. Guru Gobind Singh becomes tenth Guru of Sikhs.

•1680 Shivaji dies at Raigad, Sambhaji became 2nd Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire

•1707 Death of Aurangzeb the Mughal emperor.

•1757 In Battle of Plassey, Robert Clive, leads British forces which defeated the Mughal governor of Bengal Mir Jafar

•1774 Warren Hastings appointed the first governor general of India by the East India Company

•1775 First Anglo-Maratha War

•1799 Death of Tipu Sultan

•1853 Started Post Service

•1853 First Railway established between Bombay and Thane

•1857 Indian Mutiny Rebellion of 1857(10th May)

•1857                 Establishment of University of Mumbai, University of Madras and University of Calcutta in India

•1858 The British government ruled India, Lord Dalhousie becomes the Governor-General of India

•1862 Death of Bahadur Shah Zafar

•1869 "Arya Samaj" Established

•1876 Queen Victoria was given the title Empress of India by the British Parliament

•1885 Burma became an Indian province

•1885 The Indian National Congress was formed (28th December)

•1905 The British government divided Bengal into separate Hindu and Muslim sections

•1909 Morley-Minto Reforms

•1914 World War 1

•1915 Mahatma Gandhi returns back to India

•1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13th April)

•1920 Mahatma Gandhi became president of Indian National Congress, Non-cooperation movement Khilafat Movement

•1927 Simon Commission

•1929 Central Assembly Bombed by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt.

•1930 Purna Swaraj resolution in Lahore, Salt Satyagraha started

•1931 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev Martyred (23rd March)

•1935 Government of India Act

•1939 World War 2 began

•1940 Muhammad Ali Jinnah demanded that a new country be formed from India for the Muslims, which would be called Pakistan

•1942 Quit India Movement

•1942 Indian National Army Established by Subhas Chandra Bose

•1945 World War II ended when United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August)

•1946 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny

•1946 The British government agreed to grant India independence

•1947 British and Indian leaders agreed to divide the country into India and Pakistan

•1947 India became independent (15th August)

•1948 Mahatma Gandhi assassinated Nathuram Godse (30th January)

•1950 Constitution of India came into effect and Jawaharlal Nehru became the Indian first prime minister (26th January)

GK A Short at Glance

Tribal and Folk Dances in India States Dances

Maharashtra

Kathakeertan, Lezin, Dandaniya, Tamasha, Gafa, Dahikala, Lovani, Mauni, Dasavtar. Karnataka Huttari, Suggi Kunitha, Yakashagana

Kerala

Kaikottikali, Kaliyattam, Tappatikkali Tamil Nadu Kolattam, Pinnal Kolattam, Kummi, Kavadi, Karagam

Andhra Pradesh

Ghanta Mardala, Veedhi Natakam, Burrakatha Orissa Ghumara Sanchar, Chadya Dandanata, Chhau

West Bengal

Kathi, Chhau, Baul, Kirtan, Jatra, Lama Assam Bihu, Khel Gopal, Rash Lila, Tabal Chongli, Canoe

Punjab

Giddha (women), Bhangra (men) Jammu & Kashmir Rauf, Hikat

Himachal Pradesh

Jhora, Jhali, Dangli, Mahasu, Jadda, Jhainta, Chharhi Haryana Jhumar, Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khoria, Gagor

Gujarat

Garba, Dandiya Rass, Tippani, Gomph Rajasthan Ginad, Chakri, Gangore, Terahtaal, Khayal, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini

Bihar

Jata Jatin, Jadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma, Jatra, Natna Uttar Pradesh Nautanki, Thora, Chappeli, Raslila, Kajri.

Longest and Largest Longest river (India) Ganges

Longest river (World)

Nile Longest Railway(World) Trans-Siberian railway

Longest Railway Station (World)

Grand Central Terminal, Chicago (U.S.A.) The longest tributary river of India Yamuna

The longest river of the south India

Godavari Longest Electric railway line in India From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna

Longest Road

Grand Trunk Road State with longest coastline in India Gujarat

Longest railway route in India

Dibrugarh in Assam to Kannyakumari in Tamil Nadu Longest tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)

Longest national highway in India

NH-7 which runs from Varanasi to Kanyakumari Longest Dam in India Hirakod Dam (Orissa)

Longest River Bride in India

Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna

Longest populated city Mumbai (1.60 crore)

Longest Railway Platform

Kharagpur (W. Bengal) Longest river which forms estuary in India Narmada

State with longest coastline of South India

Andhra Pradesh Longest Railway Bridge in the World Huey P. Long Bridge, Louisiana (U.S.A.)

Longest Irrigational Canal

The Kalakumsky Canal Longest Canal in World Suez Canal

Longest Beach in India

Marina Beach, Chennai Longest Tunnel in World (Railway) Tanna (Japan)

Longest Tunnel in World (Road)

Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy Longest Wall (World) Great wall of China

Longest Platform

Kharagpur (India) Largest Zoo Kruger National Park, South Africa

Largest Bird

Ostrich Largest Archipelago Indonesia

Largest Church

Saint Cathedral (Goa) Largest Museum National Museum, Kolkata

Largest Delta

Sunderban Delta, W. Bengal Largest Dome Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Karnataka)

Largest Zoo

Zoological Gardens, Alipur, Kolkata Largest man-made Lake Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)

Largest Desert

Thar (Rajasthan) Largest lake (Fresh water) Wular lake (Kashmir)

Largest Mosque

Jama Masjid, Delhi Largest State (Area) Rajasthan

Largest cave temple

Kailash temple, Ellora (Maharashtra) Largest animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar)

Largest State (Population)

Uttar Pradesh Largest corridor Rameshwaram temple corridor (Tamil Nadu)

Largest cantilever span bride

Howrah Bridge (Kolkata) Largest forest state M.P.

Largest Stadium

Salt lake (Yuva Bharti), Kolkata Largest Port Mumbai

Largest Gurudwara

Golden Temple, Amritsar Largest river island Majuli (Brahmaputra river, Assam)

Largest Planetarium

Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)

Largest Lake (Saline water) Chika lake, Orissa

Largest City in Population

Tokyo Largest Continent Asia

Largest (Population) Country

China Largest (Electorate) Country India

Largest Creature

Blue Whale Largest Delta Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)

Largest Desert (World)

Sahara (Africa) Largest Desert (Asia) Gobi

Largest Dam (World)

Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.) Largest Diamond The Cullinan

Largest Dome

Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.) Largest Epic Mahabharat

Largest Irrigation Scheme

Lloyd Barrage, Sukkur (Pakistan) Largest Island (World) Greenland

Largest Sea

Mediterranean sea Largest Lake (Artificial) Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)

Largest Lake (Fresh water)

Superior Largest Lake(Salt water) Caspian

Largest Library

United State Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Largest Museum British Museum, London

Largest Ocean

Pacific Largest Park Yellow Stone National Park (U.S.A.)

Largest Peninsula

Arabia Largest River Amazon (S. America)

Largest Sea-bird

Albatross Largest Radio Telescope New Mexico (U.S.A.)

Highest City

Van Chuan (China) Tallest Statue Statue of Motherland, Volgagrad (Russia)

Highest Volcano

Ojos del Salado (Andes, Ecuador) Highest Waterfall Angel (Venezuela)

Highest Lake

Titicaca (Bolivia) Highest Dam (World) Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)

Highest Capital

La Paz (Boliva) Highest Tower (India) Pitampura Tower, Delhi

Highest Waterfall

Gersoppa waterfall (Karnataka)

Highest mountain peak in India Godwin Austin (K2)

Highest Dam in India

Tehri Dam on Bhagirathi River Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (Agra)

Highest straight gravity Dam

Bhakra Dam Highest Lake Devatal (Garhwal)

Highest Award

Bharat Ratna Highest Gallantry Award Paramveer Chakra

Highest Battle field

Siachin Glacier Highest Airport Len (Laddakh)

Tallest Animal

Giraffe Fastest Bird Swift

Smallest Bird

Humming Bird Tallest in the World Building Burj, Dubai (UAE)

Biggest City in Area

Mount Isa Australia Costliest City Tokyo

Smallest Continent

Australia Biggest Country(Area) Russia

Deepest Lake

Baikal (Siberia) Highest Mountain Peak Mount Everest (Nepal)

Longest Mountain Range

Andes (S. America) Biggest Palace Vatican (Italy)

Coldest Place(Habitated)

Verkhoyank (Siberia) Dryest Place Iqique (In Atacama Desert, Chile)

Hottest Place

Azizia (Libya, Africa) Biggest Planet Jupiter

Brightest Planet

Venus Highest Plateau Pamir (Tibet)

Smallest Planet

Mercury Rainiest Place Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)

Brightest Star

Sirius World’s first Tramway New York

Most Active Volcano

Maunaloa (Hawail-U.S.A.) Lowest body Water Dead Sea

Densest populated State

West Bengal Biggest Hotel Oberal –Sharaton (Mumbai)

Smallest State (Area)

Goa

Smallest State (Population) Sikkim

Place of heaviest rainfall

Mausinram (Meghalaya) Deepest river valley Bhagirathi & Alaknanda

First in India (Women)

First Women's University

Maharshi Karve starts SNDT University in Pune with five students in 1916.

First Woman to hold a Union Cabinet post

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

First Woman governor of Independent India

Sarojini Naidu, in charge of United Provinces

First Woman president of UN General Assembly

1953 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

First Woman Prime Minister of India

1966 Indira Gandhi

First Woman IPS Officer of India

1972 Kiran Bedi

First Woman to win Nobel Peace Prize

1979 Mother Teresa

First Indian Woman to climb Mount Everest

1984 Bachendri Pal

First Indian Woman to win Booker Prize

1997 Arundhati Roy

First Woman President

2007 Pratibha Patil

First Woman Speaker of Lok Sabha

2009 Meira Kumar

First Indian Woman to become "Miss World"

Rita Faria

First Woman judge in Supreme Court

Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi

First Woman Ambassador

Miss C.B. Muthamma

First Woman to climb Mount Everest twice

Santosh Yadav

First Woman President of the Indian National Congress

Mrs. Annie Besant

First Woman Chief Minister of an Indian State

Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani

First Woman chairman of Union Public Service Commission

Roze Millian Bethew

First Woman Director General of Police (DGP)

Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

First Woman Lieutenant General

Puneeta Arora

First Woman Air Vice Marshal

P. Bandopadhyaya

First Woman chairperson of Indian Airlines

Sushama Chawala

First &Last Muslim Woman ruler of Delhi

Razia Sultan

First Woman to receive Ashoka Chakra

Niraja Bhanot

First Woman to cross English Channel

Arati Saha

First Woman to receive Bharat Ratna

Indira Gandhi

First Woman to receive Gyanpith Award

Ashapurna Devi

First Woman Headmistress in school

Savitribai Phule

First in India (Men)

The first batsman to score three test century in three successive tests on debut

Mohd. Azharuddin

The first batsman to score double century in One Day International cricket match

Sachin Tendulkar

The first man to have climbed Mount Everest twice

Nawang Gombu

The first President of Indian Republic

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

The first Prime Minister of free India

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

The first Indian to win Nobel Prize

Rabindranath Tagore

The first president of Indian National Congress

W.C. Banerjee

The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress

Badruddin Tayyabji

The first Muslim President of India

Dr. Zakir Hussain

The first British Governor General of India

Lord William Bentinck

The first British Viceroy of India

Lord Canning

The first Governor General of free India

Lord Mountbatten

The first and the last Indian Governer General of free India

C. Rajgopalachari

The first man who introduce printing press in India

James Hicky

The first Indian to join the I.C.S.

Satendranath Tagore

The first Indian man in space

Rakesh Sharma

The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term

Morarji Desai

The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India

General Cariappa

The first Cheif of Army Staff

Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji

The first Indian member of the Viceroy's executive council

S.P. Sinha

The first President of India who died while in office

Dr. Zakir Hussain

The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament

Charan Singh

The first Field Marshal of India

S.H.F. Manekshaw

The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics

C.V. Raman

The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award

Dr. Radhakrishnan

The first Indian to cross English Channel

Mihir Sen

The first person to receive Gyanpith award

Sri Shankar Kurup

The first Speaker of the Lok Sabha

Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar

The first Vice-President of India

Dr. Radhakrishnan

The first Education Minister

Abul Kalam Azad

The first Home Minister of India

Sardar Vallabha Bhai Patel

The first Indian Air Chief Marshal

S. Mukharji

The first Indian Naval Chief

Vice Admiral R.D. Katari

The first judge of International Court of Justice

Dr. Nagendra Singh

The first person to receive Paramveer Chakra

Major Somnath Sharma

The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen

Sherpa Anga Dorjee

The first Chief Election Commissioner

Sukumar Sen

The first person to receive Magsaysay Award

Achrya Vinoba Bhave

The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine

Hargovind Khurana

The first Chinese traveller to visit India

Fahein

The first person to receive Stalin Prize

Saifuddin Kitchlu

The first person to resign from the central cabinate

Shyama Prasad Mukharji

The first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics

Amartya Sen

The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Justice Hiralal J. Kania

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Chief of the Air Staff - Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne Chairman Space Commission and ISRO - Dr. K. Radhakrishnan

Chairman, National Commission on Farmers (NCF) - Dr. M.S. Swaminathan Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission - Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia

Chairman, National Statistical Commission - Dr. Pronob Sen Principal Scientific Advisor to the Govt. - Dr. R. Chidambaram

Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept of Atomic Energy. - Dr. R. K. Sinha Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes(CBDT) - Dr. Sudha Sharma

Chairman Delhi Metro Rail - Dr. Sudhir Krishna Election Commissioner - Dr. Syed Nasim Ahmad Zaidi

Chairman, 13th Finance Commission - Dr. Vijay Kelkar Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research - Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch

Chairman 14th Finance Commission - Dr. Y. V. Reddy Chief of the Army Staff - General Vikram Singh

President, National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission - Justice D. K. Jain Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission - Justice K.G. Balakrishnan

Chief Justice of India - Justice P. Sathasivam Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes - Justice Vangala Eswaraiah

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Chairman, SSC - Mr. Amitava Bhattacharyya Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha) - Mr. Arun Jaitley

Chairperson, Competition Commission of India (CCI) - Mr. Ashok Chawla President, Indian National Academy of Engineering - Mr. Baldev Raj

Register General and Census Commissioner of India - Mr. C. Chandramouli Director General of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) - Mr. Chandrajit Banerjee

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Director General, CRPF - Mr. Dilip Trivedi Attorney General of India - Mr. Goolam E. Vahanvati

Election Commissioner - Mr. Hari Shankar Brahma President Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI interim president) - Mr. Jagmohan Dalmiya

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Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes - Mr. P. L. Punia President of India - Mr. Pranab Mukherjee

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Secretary-General, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) - Anders Fogh Rasmussen Chancellor of Germany - Angela Merkel

Executive Director, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund(UNICEF) - Anthony Lake UN High Commissioner for Refugees - Antonio Guterres

Secretary-General, United Nations Organisations - Ban Ki-moon Chief of NASA (USA) - Charles F. Bolden, Jr

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Director CBI - Mr. Ranjit Sinha Chairman, Investment Commission - Mr. Ratan Tata

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Chairman Wipro - Azim H. Premji Chairman NTPC - Dr. Arup Roy Choudhury

CEO Facebook - Mark Zuckerberg CEO, Air Asia India - Mittu Chandilya

Chairman, Mahindra & Mahindra Group - Mr. Anand Mahindra Chairman, HDFC Bank - Mr. C. M. Vasudev

Chairman Tata Sons - Mr. Cyrus Mistry Chairman ICICI Bank - Mr. K. V. Kamath

Chairman of Aditya Birla Group of Company - Mr. Kumaramangalam Birla Chairman Mittal Arcelor Steels - Mr. Lakshmi Mittal

Chairman Relience Industries - Mr. Mukesh Ambani Chairman Jet Airways - Mr. Naresh Goyal

Chairman & Managing Director of Air India - Mr. Rohit Nandan Chairman HCL Technologies - Mr. Shiv Nadar

Chairman Bharati Group - Mr. Sunil Mittal Founder of Airtel (Telecom Service Provider in India) - Mr. Sunil Mittal

Chairman of UB Group and Kingfisher Airlines - Mr. Vijay Maliya Chairman of Mahindra Satyam - Mr. Vineet Nayyar

Chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway - Mr. Warren Buffett Managing Director & CEO ICICI Bank - Ms. Chanda Kochhar

CEO Pepsico - Ms. Indira Nooye Chairman Biocon - Ms. Kiran Majumdar

Founder & Chairman of Infosys - Narayan Murthi President of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) India - Rajan Bharti Mittal

CEO and Managing Director Infosys - S. D. Shibulal MD, CEO Axis Bank - Shikha Sharma

Chairman of State Bank of India (SBI) - Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya Founder of Apple Company - Steve Jobs

Famous quotes

Quote

Speech By Swaraj is my Birth Right Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Take care to get what you like or you will be forced to like what you get.

G. B. Shaw A thing of beauty is a joy forever John Keats

To be and not to be that is the question.

Shakespeare Delhi Chalo Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Superstition is the religion of feeable minds.

Edmund Burke Let a hundread flowers bloom and let a thousand school of thought contend. Mao-Ste-Tunng

Aram Haram Hai

Jawahar Lal Nehru Where wealth accumulates, men decay. Goldsmith

Beauty is truth, truth is beauty, that is all.

John Keats I came I saw I conquered Shekspear

Good Government is no substitute for self government.

Alfred Tennyson A democratic Government is of the people, for the people and by the people. Abraham Linkon

Jay Hind

Netaji Law grinds the poor and rich men rule the men. Gold Smith

The human soul needs actual beauty more than bread.

D. H. Lawrence War is the greatest crime man perpetrates against man. Zarathustra

There never was a good war or a bad peace.

Benjamin Franklin The only man who never makes mistakes is the man who never does anything. Theodore Roosevelt

Truth and Non-violence is my God

M. K. Gandhi

Famous quotes

Quote

Speech By Jai Jawan, Jai Kishan Lal Bahadur Shastri

Eureka Eureka

Archimedes Just as I would not like to be a slave, so I would not like to be a master. Abraham Linkon

Brevity is the soul of wit.

Shekspear East is east and west is west and never the twin shall meet. Kipling

Knowledge is Power

Hobbes Man is by nature a political animal. Aristotol

Temptation usually comes in through a door that has delibaretly been left open.

Arnold Glasow I therefore want freedom immediately this very night, before dawn if it can be had? Gandhiji

Man is not the creature of circumstance. Circumstances are the creature of men.

Disraeli Excellent things are rare. Plato

Well done is better than well said.

Benjamin Franklin Ambition is like love: Impatient both of delays as well as rivals. Buddha

The child is father of the man.

William Wordsworth Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark. Rabindra Nath Tagore

Patriotism is religion and religion is love for India.

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Oh! Disrespectable democracy! I love you! G.B.Shaw

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

Martin Lutrher King, Jr.

Nobel Prize Winner Nobel Prize Winner - 2013

Chemistry Winner - Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel Work - For the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems. Economics Winner - Eugene F. Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert J. Shiller Work - For their empirical analysis of asset prices.

Literature Winner - Alice Munro Work - For the master of the contemporary short story. Medicine Winner - James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof Work - For their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells.

Peace Winner - Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Work - For its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons. Physics Winner - François Englert and Peter W. Higgs Work - For the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Acetylene Gas

Berthelot

1862

France Adding Machine Pascal 1642 France

Adhesive Tape, Scotch

Richard Drew

1930

U.S.A. Adrenaline Schafer and Oliver 1894 Britain

Aeroplane

Orville & Wilbur Wright

1903

U.S.A. Aerosol Spray Erik Rotheim 1926 Norway

Air Conditioning

Carrier

1902

U.S.A. Airplane, Jet Engine Ohain 1939 Germany

Airship (non-rigid)

Henri Giffard

1852

France Anesthesia, Local Koller 1885 Austria

Anesthesia, Spinal

Bier

1898

Germany Anti-toxins (Science of Immunity) Behring & Kitasato 1890 Germany, Japan

Artificial Heart

Willem Kolff

1957

Netherlands Aspirin Dreser 1889 Germany

Atomic Bomb

J. Robert Oppenheimer

1945

U.S.A. Atomic Numbers Moseley 1913 Britain

Atomic Theory

Dalton

1803

Britain Automatic Rifle John Browning 1918 U.S.A.

Ayurveda

2000-1000 BC

India Bacteria Leeuwenhock 1683 Netherlands

Bacteriology

Ferdinand Cohn

1872

Germany Bakelite Leo H. Baekeland 1907 Belgium

Ball-Point Pen

John J. Loud

1888

U.S.A. Ballistic Missile Wemher von Braun 1944 Germany

Balloon

Jacques & Joseph Montgolfier

1783

France Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1644 Italy

Battery (Electric)

Alessandro Volta

1800

Italy Bicyle Kirkpatrick Macmillan 1839-40 Britain

Bicyle Tyres (Pneumatic)

John Boyd Dunlop

1888

Britain Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1780 U.S.A.

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Biochemistry

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

1648

Belgium Bleaching Powder Tennant 1798 Britain

Blood Plasma Storage (Blood Bank)

Drew

1940

U.S.A. Blood Transfusion Jean-Baptiste Denys 1625 France

Bunsen Burner

R.Willhelm von Bunsen

1855

Germany Burglar Alarm Edwin T. Holmes 1858 U.S.A.

Calculus

Newton

1670

Britain Camera, Kodak Walker Eastman 1888 U.S.A.

Canned Food

Appert

1804

France Car (Petrol) Kari Benz 1888 Germany

Car (Steam)

Nicolas Cugnot

1769

France Carburetor Gottlieb Daimler 1876 Germany

Cardiac Pacemaker

A.S. Hyman

1932

U.S.A. Cassette, Audio Philips Co. 1963 Holland

Cassette, Videotape

Sony

1969

Japan CAT Scanner Godfrey Hounsfield 1968 Britain

Celluloid

Alexander Parkes

1861

Britain Cement (Portland) Joseph Aspdin 1824 Britain

Chemotherapy

Ehrlich

1909

Germany Chemotherapy Paracelsus 1493-1541 Switzerland

Chloroform as Anaesthetic

James Simpson

1847

Britain Chloromycetin Burkholder 1947 U.S.A.

Cholera T. B. Germs

Robert Koch

1877

Germany Chronometer John Harrison 1735 Britain

Cinema

Nicolas & Jean Lumiere

1895

France Circulation of Blood William Harvey 1628 Britain

Clock (Mechanical)

I-Hsing & Liang Ling-Tsan

1725

China Clock (Pendulum) Christian Huygens 1656 Netherlands

Cloning, DNA

Boyer, Cohen

1973

U.S.A. Cloning, Mammal Wilmut, et al 1996 U.K.

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Compact Disc

RCA

1972

U.S.A. Compact Disc Player Sony, Philips co 1979 Japan, Netherlands

Computer, Laptop

Sinclair

1987

Britain Computer, Mini Digital Corp. 1960 U.S.A.

Crossword Puzzle

Arthur Wynne

1913

U.S.A. Cryo-Surgery Henry Swan 1953 U.S.A.

CT Sacn

Hounsfield

1973

Britain Dating Libby 1947 U.S.A.

Diesel Engine

Rudoff Diesel

1895

Germany Diphtheria Germs Klebs & Loffler 1883-84 Germany

Disc Brake

Dr. F. Lanchester

1902

Britain Disc Video Philips Co. 1972

Holland

DNA, Structure

Crick, Waston, Wilkins

1951

UK,US,UK Dynamo Hypolite Pixil 1832 France

Electric Flat Iron

H.W. Seeley

1882

U.S.A. Electric Iron Henry W. Seely 1882 U.S.A.

Electric Lamp

Thomas Alva Edison

1879

U.S.A. Electric Motor (AC) Nikola Tesla 1888 U.S.A.

Electric Motor (DC)

Zenobe Gramme

1873

Belgium Electric Washing machine Alva J. Fisher 1906 U.S.A.

Electro-Cardiograph

Willem Einthoven

1903

Netherlands Electro-Encephalogram Hand Berger 1929 Germany

Electro-Magnet

William Sturgeon

1824

Britain Electron Thomson. J 1897 Britain

Electronic Computer

Dr. Alan M. turing

1824

Britain Electroplating Luigi Brugnatelli 1805 Italy

Embryology

Kari Ernest-Van Baer

1792-1896

Estonia Endocrinology Bayliss & Starling 1902 Britain

Facsimile Machine

Alexander Bain

1843

Britain Fibre Optics Kepany 1955 Britain

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Film (Moving Outlines)

Louis Prince

1885

France Film (Musical Sound) Dr. Le de Forest

1923 U.S.A.

Film (Talking)

J. Engl, J. Mussolle & H. Vogt

1922

Germany First Test Tube Baby Steptoe & Edwards 1978 Britain

Floppy Disk

IBM

1970

U.S.A. Fountain Pen Fred Morrisson 1948 U.S.A.

Frisbee

E.H.Amstrong

1933

U.S.A. Galvanometer Lewis E.Waterman 1884 U.S.A.

Gene Therapy on Humans

Martin Clive

1980

U.S.A. Genes Associated with Cancer Robert Weinberg & others 1982 U.S.A.

Glider

Andre-Marie Ampere

1834

France Gramophone Sir George Cayley 1853 Britain

Heart Transplant Surgery

Christian Barnard

1967

S. Africa Helicopter Thomos Alva Edison 1878 U.S.A.

Histology

Marie Bichat

1771-1802

France HIV Etienne Oehmichen 1924 France

Holography

Martagnier

1984

French Hydrogen Bomb Denis Gason 1947 Britain

Hypodermic Syringe

Alexander Wood

1853

Britain Intelligence Testing Edward Teller 1952 U.S.A.

Jet Engine

Simon Binet

1905

French Kidney Machine Kolf 1944 Netherlands

Laser

Sir Frank Whittle

1937

Britain Launderette Theodore Maiman

1960 U.S.A.

Leprosy Bacillus

Hansen

1873

Norway Lift (Mechanical) J.F. Cantrell 1934 U.S.A.

Lighting Conductor

Elisha G. Otis

1852

U.S.A. Locomotive Benjamin Franklin 1752 U.S.A.

Logarithms

Richard Trevithick

1804

Britain Loom, power Napier 1614 Britain

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Loudspeaker

E. Cartwright

1785

Britain LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) Hoffman 1943 Switzerland

Machine Gun

Horace Short

1900

Britain Magnetic Recording Tape Richard Gatling 1718 Britain

Malaria Germs

Laveran

1880

France Match, Safety Fritz Pfleumer 1928 Germany

Microphone

John Walker

1826

Britain Microprocessor Alexander Graham Bell 1876 U.S.A.

Microscope, comp.

Robert Noyce & Gordon Moore

1971

U.S.A. Microscope, elect. Z. Janssen 1590 Netherlands

Microwave Oven

Ruska Knoll

1931

Germany Morphine Friderich Sertumer 1805 Germany

Motor Cycle

Percy LeBaron Spencer

1947

U.S.A. Movie Projector

G. Daimler 1885 Germany

MRI

Thomas Edison

1893

U.S.A. Neon Lamp Damadian 1971 U.S.A.

Neurology

Franz Joseph Gall

1758-1828

Germany Neutron Georges Claude 1910 France

Neutron Bomb

Chadwick

1932

Britain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Walton Damadian 1971 U.S.A.

Nylon

Samuel Cohen

1958

U.S.A. Open Heart Surgery Walton Lilehel 1953 U.S.A.

Optical Fibre

Dr. wallace H. Carothers

1937

U.S.A. Oral Contraceptive Pills Gregory Pincus, Rock 1955 U.S.A.

Pacemaker

A.D. 105

China Paper Narinder Kapany 1955 Germany

Pasteurization

Zoll

1952

U.S.A. Pencil Louis Pasteur 1867 France

Penicillin

Alexander Fleming

1928

Britain Periodic Table Lacques-Nicolas Conte 1792 France

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Photo Film, Celluloid

Julius Elster, Hans F. Geitel

1893

Germany Photo Film, Transparent Reichenbach 1893 U.S.A.

Photocopier

Mendeleyev

1869

Russia Photoelectric Cell

Carlson 1938 U.S.A.

Photography (on Film)

W.H. Fox Talbot

1835

Britain Photography (on Metal) Goodwin Eastman 1884 U.S.A.

Photography (on Paper)

J.N. Niepce

1826

France Physiology Albrecht Von Haller 1757-66 Switzerland

Piano

John Carbutt

1888

U.S.A. Pistol, Revolver Cristofori 1709 Italy

Plutonium Fission

Colt

1836

U.S.A. Pop-up toaster Kennedy, Whal, Seaborg, Segre 1940 U.S.A.

Positron Emission Tomography

Louis Sokoloff

1978

U.S.A. Printing (Rotary) Johann Gutenberg 1455 Germany

Printing (Web)

Richard Hoe

1846

U.S.A. Printing Press Charles Strite 1927 U.S.A.

Proton

William Bullock

1865

U.S.A. Quantum Theory Rutherford 1919 N.Zealand

Rabies Vaccine

Louis Pasteur

1860

France Radar Plank 1900 Germany

Radio Telegraphy

Dr. Mohlon Loomis

1864

U.S.A. Radio Telegraphy (Trans Atlantic) G. Marconi 1901 Italy

Radiocarbon

A. H. Taylor & Leo C. Young

1922

U.S.A. Rayon Sir Joseph Swan 1883 Britain

Razor (Electric)

Col. Jacob Schick

1931

U.S.A. Razor (Safety)

King C. Gillette 1895 U.S.A.

Recombinant-DNA Technology

Paul Berg. H.W.Boyer, S. Cohen

1972-73

U.S.A. Refrigerator James Harrison, Alexander catlin 1850 U.S.A.

Relativity Theory

Einstein

1905

Germany Reserpine Jal Vakil 1949 India

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Rh-factor

Karl Landsteiner

1940

U.S.A. Rubber (Latex Foam) Dunlop Rubber Co. 1928 Britain

Rubber (Tyres)

Thomas Hancock

1846

Britain Rubber (Vulcanised) Charles Goodyear 1841 U.S.A.

Rubber (Water Proof)

Charles Macintosh

1823

Britain Safety Pin Walter Hunt 1849 U.S.A.

Safety Razor

King Camp Gillette

1903

U.S.A. Seat Belt Volvo 1959 Sweden

Self-Starter

Charles F. Kattering

1911

U.S.A. Sex Hormones Eugen Steinach 1910 Austria

Ship (Steam)

I. C. Perier

1775

France Ship (Turbine) Hon. Sir C. Parsons 1894 Britain

Silk Manufacture

50 B.C.

China Skyscraper W. Le Baron Jenny 1882 U.S.A.

Slide Rule

William Oughtred

1621

Britain Small Pox Eradicated

W.H.O. Declaration 1980 UN

Spinning Frame

Sir Richard Arkwright

1769

Britain Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves 1764 Britain

Spinning Mule

Samuel Cromption

1779

Britain Steam Engine Thomas Savery 1698 Britain

Steam Engine (Condenser)

James Watt

1765

Britain Steam Engine (Piston) Thomas Newcomen 1712 Britain

Steel (Stainless)

Harry Brearley

1913

Britain Stethoscope Laennec 1819 French

Stethoscope

Rene Laennec

1819

France Streptomycin Selman Waksman 1944 U.S.A.

Submarine

David Bushnell

1776

U.S.A. Super Computer J.H. Van Tassel 1976 U.S.A.

Synthesiser

Moog

1964

U.S.A. Synthetic Antigens Landsteiner 1917 U.S.A.

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Tank

Sir Emest D. Swington

1914

Britain Tape Recorder Fessenden Poulsen 1899 Denmark

Telegraph

M. Lammond

1787

France Telegraphe Code Samuel F.B. Morse 1837 U.S.A.

Telephone (Imperfect)

Antonio Meucci

1849

Italy

Telephone (Perfected) Alexander Graham Bell 1876 U.S.A.

Telephone, Cellular

Bell Labs

1947

U.S.A. Telescope Hans Lippershey 1608 Netherlands

Television (Electronic)

P.T. Farnsworth

1927

U.S.A. Television (Mechanical) John Logie Baird 1926 Britain

Television, Colour

John Logie Baird

1928

Britain Terramycin Finaly & Others 1950 U.S.A.

Thyroxin

Edward Calvin-Kendall

1919

U.S.A. Transformer Michael Faraday 1831 Britain

Transistor

Bardeen, Shockley & Britain

1948

U.S.A. Transistor Radio Sony 1955 Japan

Tyhus Vaccine

J. Nicolle

1909

France Uranium Fission, Atomic reactor Szilard Femi 1942 U.S.A.

Vaccination

Edward Jenner

1796

Britain Vaccine, Measles Enders 1963 U.S.A.

Vaccine, Meningitis

Gardon, et al. Connaught Lab

1987

U.S.A. Vaccine, Polio Jonas Salk 1954 U.S.A.

Vaccine, Polio-oral

Albert Sabin

1960

U.S.A. Vaccine, Rabies Louis Pasteur 1885 France

Vaccine, Smallpox

Jenner

1776

Britain Vacuum Cleaner (Elec) Spangler 1907 U.S.A.

Velcro (hook-and-Ioop-fastener)

Georges de Mestral

1948

Switzerland

Video Tape Charles Ginsberg 1956 U.S.A.

Virology

Ivanovski & Bajernick

1892

USSR, Netherlands Vitamin A Mc Collum and M. Davis 1913 U.S.A.

Prev 5 6 7

Scientific inventions

Invention

Inventor

Year

Country

Vitamin B1

Minot & Murphy

1936

U.S.A. Vitamin C Forelich Hoist 1919 Norway

Vitamin D

Mc Collum

1925

U.S.A. Vitamin K Doisy Dam 1938 U.S.A.

Washing Machine (Elec.)

Hurley Machine Co.

1907

U.S.A. Watch Bartholomew Manfredi 1462 Italy

Welder (Electric)

Elisha Thomson

1877

U.S.A. Western Cientific Therapy Hippocrates 460-370BC Greece

Windmill

Persian corn grinding

600 Wireless (Telegraphy) G. Marconi 1896 Italy

X-ray

W.K. Roentgen

1895

Germany Yoga Patanjali 200-100 BC India

Zip Fastener

W.L. Judson

1891

U.S.A

Famous books and writers

Book - Author

A Bend in the River - V. S. Naipaul A Gift of Monotheists - Ram Mohan Roy

A House for Mr.Biswas - V.S.Naipaul A Journey - Tony Blair

A Life Less Ordinary: A Memoir - Baby Halder A Minister and his Responsibilities - Morarji Bhai Desai

A Nation is Making - Surendra Nath Bandhopadhye A Pair of Blue Eyes - Thomash Hardy

A Passage to India - E. M. Foster A Revenue Stamp (autobiography) - Amrita Pritam

A Strange and Sublime Address - Amit Choudhary A Suitable Boy - Bikram Seth

A Tale of Two Cities - Charls Dikens A Voice of Freedom - Nayantara Shehgal

A week with Gandhi - L. Fischer Aalo Aandhari - Baby Halder

Adventures of Sherlock Homes - Arther Canon Doel All the Prime Minister's Men - Janardan Thakur

Allahabad Prasasti - Harisen Amitabh- the Making of the Superstar - Susmita Das Gupta

Amukta Malyad - Krishna Deva Raya An Unknown Indian - Nirod C. Choudhary

Anand Math - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye Anna Karenina - Leo Tolstoy

Aparajito - Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay Apple Cart - G. B. Shaw

Aranyak - Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay Arogyaniketan - Tarashankar Bandopadhyay

Astyadhaye - Panini Bakul Katha - Ashapurna Devi

Famous books and writers

Book - Author

Ban Palashir Padabali - Ramapada Chowdhury Bandit Queen - Mala Sen

Bela Obela Kalbela - Jibanananda Das Bengali Zamindar - Nilmoni Mukherjee

Bicramanchadev - Bilhon Blind Beauty - Boris Pasternak

Buddhacharit - Asha Ghosh Captive Lady - Michel Madhusudan Dutta

Causes of the Indian Mutiny - Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan Charitraheen - Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Chidambara - S. N. Panth Circle of the Region - Amitabha Ghosh

City of Job Charnak - Nisith Ranjan Roy Commedy Errors - Shekhspear

Conversations with Myself - Nelson Mandela Coolie - Mulkraj Anand

Crisis of India - Ronal Segal Das Capital - Karl Marks

Death of President - W. Marchent Decamaren - Bocachio

Desert Village - Oliver Goldsmith Devdas - Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Development as Freedom - Amartya Sen Devi Chaudharani - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye

Devine Comedi - Dante Divine Life - Sivanand

Economic History of India - Ramesh Chandra Dutta End and Means - Huxlay

Faust - Goethe Ferary Queen - Edmond Spensar

Book - Author

Freedom at Midnight - Lapierre & Collins Friend Not Master - Ayub Khan

Ganadebota - Tarashankar Bandopadhyay Gathering Strom - Churchil

Gaurdbaho - Bakpatiraj Ghulam Giri - Jyotiba Phule

Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery - Y.B. Reddy Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches - Manohar and Sarita Prabhakar

Guide - R. K. Narayanan Hero of Nymph - Aurobindo Ghosh

Hind Swaraj - M. K. Gandhi Hindu View of Life - S. Radhakrishnan

Historica - Herodotus I follow the Mahatma - K. M. Munshi

I Van Ho - Walter Scot Ignited Minds - Unleashing the power within India - DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

In an Antique Land - Amitabh Ghosh India 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium - DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

India Divided - Rajendra Prashad India for A Billion Reasons - Amit Dasgupta

India Wins Freedom - Abdul Kalam Azad Indian Epigraphy - D. C. Sircar

Indian Village - S. C. Dube Indian war and Independence - D. V. Savarkar

Indica - Megasthenis Infinite Jest - David Foster Wallace

Inheritance of Loss - Kiran Desai Jalsaghar - Tarashankar Bandopadhyay

Jhara Palak - Jibanananda Das Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence - Jaswant Singh

Book - Author

Jungle Book - R. Kippling Kanterbary Tells - Geofray Chosar

Kidnapped - Stevenson Kubla Khan - Coleridge

Lalit Bihar - Ashwa Ghosh Life Divine - Aurobindo Ghosh

Mahabhashya - Patanjali Man and Superman - G. B. Shaw

Midnight Children - Salman Rushdi Mitakshara - Vijnaneswara

Modernization of Indian Tradition - Yogendra Singh Mother - Maxim Gorkay

Mother India - Katharin Mayo Murder in Cathedral - Elliot

My Country My Life - Lal Krishna Advani My Experiments With Truth - M. K. Gandhi

My Indian Years - Lord Hardinge II My Journey - DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Myth of Independence - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Neel Darpan - Dinbandhu Mitra

Netaji Dead or Alive - Samar Guha New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy - A. B. Vajpayee

New India - Annie Besant One Night @ the Call Centre - Chetan Bhagat

Padma Nadir Majhi - Manik Bandopadhyay Pakhtoon - Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Palli Samaj - Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Paradise Lost - John Milton

Parineeta - Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Pather Panchali - Bibhuti BHushan Bandopadhaye

Famous books and writers

Book - Author

Poverty & Un-British Rule in India - Dadabhai Naoroji Pratham Pratisruti - Ashapurna Devi

Precepts of Jesus - Ram Mohan Roy Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen

Principles of Sociology - Herbert Spencer Prison Diary - Jay Prakash Narayan

Problems of the East - Lord Curzon Putul Nacher Itikatha - Manik Bandopadhyay

Races and Cultures of India - D. N. Majumdar Rajtarangini - Kalhan

Ramcharit - S. K. Nandi Rashmirathi - Ramdhari Singh Dinkar

River of Smoke - Amitav Ghosh Saket - Mathili Saran Gupta

Satyarth Prakash - Swami Dayanand Shadow Line - Amitabh Ghosh

Shadow of Ladakh - B. Bhattacharia Shape of Things To Come - H. G. Wells

Sitaram - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye Social Structure of Values - Radha Kamal Mukherjee

Straight from the Heart - Kapil Dev Subarnalata - Ashapurna Devi

Tahakak - E - Hind - Albiruni Talisman - Walter Scott

The Algebra of Infinite Justice - Arundhati Roy The Bandit Queen - Mala Sen

The City of Joy - Dhominic Lapier The Discovery of India - Jawahar Lal Nehru

The God of Small Things - Arundhuti Roy The Harry Potter Series - J. K. Rowling

Famous books and writers

Book - Author

The Indian Struggle - Subash Chandra Bose The Indian War of Independence - V. D. Savarkar

The Inheritance of Loss - Kiran Desai The Judgement - Kuldip Nayar

The Masque of Africa - V. S. Naipaul The Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey - Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy

The Nadars of Tamil Nadu - D. N. Dhanagre The Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal - B. R. Nanda

The Prince - Maciavaly The Rediscovery of India - Meghnad Desai

The Satanic Verse - Salman Rushdi The Science of Bharat Natyam - Saroja Vaidyanathan

The Sense of an Ending - Julian Barnes The Silent Cry - Kenjaburo Ue

The Spirit of Islam - Syyed Amir Ali The Village By the Sea - Anita Desai

The White Tiger - Aravind Adiga Theory of Relativity - Einstein

Three Marketiars - Alexander Doma To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism? - J. P. Narayan

Truth, Love and A Little Malice - Khushwant Singh Two Leaves and a Bud - Mulkraj Anand

Two Lives - Vikram Seth Unhappy India - Lala Lajpat Rai

Urbashi - R. D. Dinkar Utopia - Thomas Moor

Vision of the Past - Michel Madhusudan Dutta Volga Se Ganga - Rahul Sankritayan

War and Peace - Tolstoy What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables - B. R. Ambedkar

Wings of Fire - DR. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Different Branches of Science Branch Concerning Field

Aeronautics

Science of flight of airplanes. Astronomy Study of heavenly bodies.

Agronomy

Science dealing with crop plant. Angiology Deals with the study of blood vascular system.

Anthology

Study of flower. Anthropology Study of apes and man.

Apiculture

Honey industries (Bee Keeping). Araneology Study of spiders.

Batracology

Study of frogs. Biochemistry Deals with the study of chemical reactions in relation to life activities.

Biotechnology

Deals with the use of micro-organisms in commercial processes for producing fine chemicals such as drugs;vaccines;hormones,etc. on a large scale. Cardiology Study of heart.

Craniology

Study of skulls. Cryptography Study of secret writing.

Cryogenics

Study concerning with the application and uses of very low temperature. Cytology Study of cells.

Dermatology

Study of skin. Ecology The study of relationship between organisms and environment.

Entomology

Study of insects. Etiology Study of cause of insects.

Eugenics

Study of improvement of human race by applying laws of heredity. it is related with future generations. Evolution Deals with the study of origin of new from old.

Exbiology

Deals with life or possibilities of life beyond the earth.

Floriculture Study of flower yielding plants.

Geology

Study of condition and structure of the earth Genetics Study of heredity and variations.

Gerontology

study of growing old. Gynaecology Study of female reproductive organs.

Horticulture

Study of garden cultivation. Haematology Study of blood.

Hepatology

Study of liver. Iconography Teachings by pictures and models.

Immunology

Science which deals with the study of resistance of organisms against infection. Jurisprudence Science of law.

Kalology

Study of human beauty. Lexicography Compiling of dictionary.

Mycology

Study of fungi. Myology Study of muscles.

Nephrology

Study of kidneys. Neurology study of nervous system.

Numismatics

Study of coins and medals. Obstetrics Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy.

Oneirology

Study of dreams. Ophthalmology Study of eyes .

Omithology

Study of birds. Osteology Study of bones.

Palaeontology

Study of fossils. Philately Stamp collecting.

Philology

Study of languages. Phonetics Concerning the sounds of a language.

Physiography

Natural phenomenon. Pedology Stydy of soils.

Pathology

Study of disease causing organisms. Phycology Study of algae.

Physiology

Science dealing with the study of functions of various parts of organisms. Pisciculture Study of fish.

Pomology

Study of fruits. Seismology Study of earthquakes.

Sericulture

Silk industry(culture of silk moth and pupa).

Serpentology Study of snakes.

Telepathy

Communication between two minds at a distance with the help of emotions, thoughts and feelings. Taxonomy Study of classification of organisms.

Virology

Study of virus.

Important Days Important Days in January

Jan 1

Army Medical Corps Establishment Day

Jan 8

African National Congress Foundation Day

Jan 10

World Laughter Day

Jan 9

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Jan 11

Death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri

Jan 12

National youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)

Jan 15

Army Day

Jan 23

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary

Jan 25

International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day, Indian Voter Day

Jan 26

Republic Day

Jan 28

Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai

Jan 30

(Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day;World Leprosy Eradication Day

Jan 31

World Leprosy Eradication Day Inportant Days in February

Feb 2

World Wetlands Day

Feb 4

National Day of Srilanka

Feb 5

Kashmir Day (Organised by Pakistan)

Feb 13

Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary

Feb 14

St. Valentine's Day

Feb 24

Central Exise Day

Feb 28

National Science Day Important Days in March

Mar 3

National Defence Day

Mar 4

National Security Day

Mar 8

International Women's Day

Mar 9

CISF Raising Day

Mar 12

Mauritius Day;Central Industrial Security Force Day

Mar 15

World Consumer Day

Mar 16

National Vaccination Day

Mar 21

World Forestry Day

Mar 22

World Day of Water

Mar 23

World Meterological Day

Mar 24

World TB Day

Mar 26

Bangaladesh Liberation Day Important Days in April

April 1

Orissa Day

April 5

Natinal Meritime Day

April 7

World Health Day

April 13

Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919)

April 14

B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day

April 18

World Heritage Day

April 22

World Earth Day

April 23

World Books Day Important Days in May

May 1

International Labour Day, Maharashtra Day

May 3

International Energy Day

May 8

International Red Cross Day (It is celebraed to commemorate the birth anniversary of the founder of the Red Cross Organization Jean Henry Dunant)

May 11

National Technology Day

May 15

International Family Day

May 17

World Telecom Day

May 24

Commonwealth Day

May 31

World No Tobacco Day Important Days in June

June 5

World Environment Day Important Days in July

July 1

Doctor's Day

July 4

American Independence Day

July 11

World Population Day

July 26

Kargil Victory Day Important Days in August

Aug 6

Hiroshima Day

Aug 9

Quit India Movement Day

Aug 12

International youth Day

Aug 14

Pakistan's Independence Day

Aug 15

India's Independence Day

Aug 19

World Photography Day

Aug 20

Sadbhavana Diwas

Aug 29

National Sports Day of India (Dhyanchand's Birth Day)

Aug 30

Small Industry Day Important Days in September

Sept 5

Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)

Sept 7

Forgiveness Day

Sept 8

International Literacy Day

Sept 14

Hindi day,World First Aid Day

Sept 16

World Ozone Day

Sept 21

International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day

Sept 25

Social Justice Day

Sept 27

World Tourism Day Important Days in October

Oct 1

International Day for the Elderly(UN)

Oct 2

Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence

Oct 3

World Nature Day, World Habitat Day

Oct 4

World Animal Day

Oct 5

World Teacher's Day

Oct 6

World Wildlife Day, World Food Security Day

Oct 8

Indian Airforce day

Oct 9

World Postal Day

Oct 10

World Mental Health day;National Post Day

Oct 12

World Sight day

Oct 13

World Calamty Control Day(UN)

Oct 14

World Standard Day

Oct 15

World White cane day(guiding the blind)

Oct 17

International poverty

Oct 20

National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day)

Oct 24

United Nations Day

Oct 30

World Thrift Day

Oct 31

National Integration Day (In memory of Idira Gandhi) Important Days in November

Nov 7

Infant Protection day;World Cancer Awareness Day

Nov 9

Legal Service Day

Nov 10

Transport Day

Nov 14

Children's day/ World Diabetics day

Nov 17

Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniverrsary

Nov 26

Law Day

Nov 30

Flag Day Important Days in December

Dec1

World AIDS Day

Dec 3

World Disability Day

Dec 4

Navy Day

Dec 7

Armed Force Flag Day

Dec 10

Human Rights day

Dec 11

UNICEF Day

Dec 14

National Energy Conservation Day

Dec 19

Goa's Liberation day

Dec 23

Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day)

Indian National Highways NH Number Passing Rout Length (Km)

1

Delhi - Ambala - Jalandhar - Amritsar - Indo-Pak Border

456 2 Delhi - Mathura - Agra - Kanpur - Allahabad - Varanasi - Mohania - Barhi - Palsit - Baidyabati Bara - Calcutta 1,490

3

Agra - Gwalior - Shivpuri - Indore - Dhule - Nasik - Thane - Mumbai

1,161 4 Junction with NH 3 near Thane - Pune - Belgaum - Hubli - Bangalore - Ranipet - Chennai 1,235

5

Junction with NH 6 near Baharagora - Cuttack - Bhubaneswar - Vishakhapatnam - Vijayawada - Chennai

1,533 6 Surat - Dhule - Nagpur - Raipur - Sambalpur - Baharagora - Calcutta 1,932

7

Varanasi - Mangawan - Rewa - Jabalpur - Lukhna - don Nagpur - Hyderabad - Kurnool -Babgalore - Krissnagiri - Salem - Dindigul - Madurai - Kanyakumari

2,369 8 Delhi - Jaipur - Ajmer - Udaipur - Ahmadabad - Vadodara - Mumbai 1,428

9

Pune - Sholapur - Hyderabad - Vijayawada

791 10 Delhi - Fazilka - Indo - Pak border 403

11

Agra - Jaipur - Bikaner

582 12 Jabalpur - Bhopal - Khilchipur - Aklera - Jhalawar - Kota - Bundi - Devil - Tonk - Jaipur 491

13

Sholapur - Chitradurga

491 14 Beawar - Sirohi - Radhanpur 450

15

Pathankot - Amritsar - Bhatinda - Ganganagar - Bikaner - Jaisalmer - Barmer - Samakhiali (near Kandla)

1,526 16 Nizamabad - Mancherel - Jagadalpur 460

17

Panvel - Mahad - Panaji - karwar - Mangalore - Cannore - Calicut (kozhikode) - Ferokh - Kuttipuram - Pudu Ponnani - Chowghat - Cranganur Junction with National Highways No.7 near Edapally

1,269

18 Junction with National Highway No.7 near Kurnool - Nandyal - Cuddapah -Junction with National Highway No.4 near Chittoor 369

19

Ghazipur - Balia - Patna

240 20 Pathankot - Mandi 220

21

Junction with National Highway No.22 near Chandigarh - Ropar - Bilaspur - Mandi Kullu - Manali

323 22 Ambala - Kalka - Shimla - Narkanda - Rampur - Chini Indo - Tibet border near Shipki La 459

23

Chas - Ranchi - Rourkela - Talcher Junction with National Highway No 42

549 24 Delhi - Bareilly - Lucknow 438

25

Lucknow - Kanpur - Jhansi - Shivpuri

319 26 Jhansi - Lakhnadon 396

27

Allahabad - Mangawan

93 28 Junction with National Highway No. 31 near Barauni - Muzaffarpur - Pipra Gorakhpur - Lucknow 570

29

Gorakhpur - Ghazipur - Varanasi

230 30 Junction with National Highway No.2 near Mohania - Patna - Bachtivarpur 230

31

Junction with National Highway No.2 near Barhi - Bakhtiarpur - Mokameh - Purnea - Dalkola - Salmara - Nalbari Charali Aminagaon Junction with Nationl Highway No. 37

1,125 32 Junction with National highway No.2 near Gobindpur - Dhanbad - Jamshedpur 179

33

Junction with National highway No.2 near Barhi - Ranchi Junction With national Highway No.6 near Baharagora

352 34 Junction with National highway No.31 near Dalkoa - Berhampore - Barasat - Calcutta 443

35

Barasat - Bangaon - Indo- Bangladesh Border

61 36 Nowgong - Dabaka - Dimapur (Manipur Road) 170

37

Junction with National Highway No.31 near Goalpara - Guahati - Jorabat - Kamargaon - Makum - Saikhoaghat

680 38 Makum - Ledo - Lekhapani 54

39

Numaligarh - Imphal - Palel - Indo - Burma Border

436 40 Jorabat - Shillong - Indo - Bangladesh Border near Dawki 161

41

Junction with National Highway No.6 near Kolaghat - Haldia Port

51 42 Junction with National Highway No. 6 near Sambalpur - Angul Junction with NationalHighway No. 5 near Cuttack 261

43

Raipur - Vizianagaram Junction with National Highway No. 5

551 44 Shillong - Passi Badarpur - Agartala - Sabroom 630

45

Chennai - Tiruchirapalli - Dindigul

387 46 Krishnagiri - Ranipet 132

47

Salem - Coimbatore - Trichur - Ernakulam - Trivandrum - Kanniyakumari

640 48 Bangalore - Hassan - Mangalore 328

49

Cochin - Madurai - Dhanushkodi -

440 50 Nasik - Junction with National Highway No.4 near Pune 192

51

Paikan - Tura - Dulu

149 52 Baihata - Charali - Tezpur - Bander Dewa - North Lakhimpur - Pasighat - Tezu - Sitapani Junction with National Highway No.37 near Saikhoaghat 850

53

Junction with National Highway No.44 near Badarpur - Jirighat Imphal - Silchar

320 54 Silchar - Aizawl - Tuipang 560

55

Siliguri - Darjeeling

77 56 Lucknow - Varanasi 285

Parliament of Other Countries

Country

Parliament

Afghanistan

Shora

Australia

Parliament

Bangladesh

Jatia Parliament

Bhutan

Tasongadu

Canada

Parliament

China

National People Congress

Denmark

Folketing

Egypt

People’s Assembly

France

National Assembly

Germany

Bundestag

Great Britain

Parliament

India

Parliament (Sansad)

Iran

Majlis

Ireland

Dail Eireann

Israel

Knesset

Official Books of Various Country

Japan

Diet Blue Book - An official report of the British Government. Green Book - Official Publications of Itali and Persia

Malaysia

Majlis

Maldive

Majlis

Magnolia

Khural

Nepal

Rasthtriya Panchayat

Netherlands

States General

Norway

Storting Grey Book - Official reports of the Government of Japan and Belgium. Orange Book - Official publication of the Govt. of Netharlands. White Book - Official publications of China, Germany and Potugal. White Paper - Official Paper of the Govt. of Britain and India on a particular issue. Yellow Book - Official paper of the Govt. of France.

Pakistan

National Assembly

Poland

Scym

Spain

Crotes

Sweden

Riksdag

South Africa

Parliament

Switzerland

Federal Assembly

Russia

Duma

Taiwan

Yuan

Turkey

Grand National Assembly

U.S.A.

Congress

News Papers and Journals News Papers and Journals Founder/Editors

Bengal Gazette (India's first news paper, 1780)

J. K. Hikki Amrit Bazar Patrika Shishir Kr. Ghosh &Motilal Ghosh

Keshri

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Maharatta Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Sudharak

G. K. Gokhle Vande Mataram Aurobindo Ghosh

Native Opinion

V. N. Mandalik Kavivachan Sudha Bhartendu Harishchandra

Rast Goftar (First News Paper in Gujrati)

Dadabhai Naoroji

New India Bipin Chandra Pal

Statesman

Robert Knight Hindu Vir Raghavacharya &G. S. Aiyar

Sandhya

B. B. Upadhyaya Vichar Lahiri Krishna Shastri Chiplunkar

Hindu Patriot

Girish Chandra Ghosh Som Prakash Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Yugantar

Bhupendra Nath Datta &Barindra Kumar Ghosh Bombay Chronicle Firoze Shah Mehta

Hindustan

Madan Mohan Malviya Mooknayak B. R. Ambedkar

Comrade

Mohammed Ali Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan

Al-Hilal

Abul Kalam Azad Al-Balagh Abul Kalam Azad

Independent

Motilal Nehru Punjabi Lala Lajpat Rai

New India

Annie Besant Commonweal Annie Besant

Pratap

Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Essays in Indian Economics Mahadev Govind Ranade

Samvad Kaumudi (Bengali)

Ram Mohan Roy Mirat-ul-Akhbar (First Persian News Paper) Ram Mohan Roy

Indian Mirror

Devendra Nath Tagore Nav Jeevan M. K. Gandhi

Young India

M. K. Gandhi Harijan M. K. Gandhi

Prabudha Bharat

Swami Vivekananda Udbodhana Swami Vivekananda

Indian Socialist

Shyamji Krishna Verma Talwar (in Berlin) Birendra Nath Chattopadhyaye

Free Hinduatan

Tarak Nath Das Hindustan Times K. M. Pannikar

Kranti

Mirajkar, Joglekar, Ghate

Name of Nuclear Explosions

Country

Yield (Kt)

Year

Trinity

USA

19

1945

Little Boy

USA

15

1945

Fat Man

USA

21

1945

RDS-1

USSR

22

1949

Hurricane

UK

25

1952

Ivy Mike

USA

10,400

1952

Joe 4

USSR

400

1953

Castle Bravo

USA

15,000

1954

RDS-37

USSR

1,600

1955

Grapple X

UK

1800

1957

Gerboise Bleue

France

70

1960

Tsar Bomba

USSR

57000

1961

596

China

22

1964

Test No. 6

China

3300

1967

Canopus

France

2600

1968

Smiling Buddha

India

12

1974

Pokhran-II

India

60

1998

Chagai-I

Pakistan

36-40

1998

2006 North Korea Nuclear Test

North Korea

less than 1 Kt

2006

2009 North Korea Nuclear Test

North Korea

5-15

2009

Classical Dances in India Dance State

Bharatanatyam

Tamil Nadu Bihu Assam

Bhangra

Punjab Chhau Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand

Garhwali

Uttaranchal Garba Gujarat

Hattari

Karnataka Kathak North India

Kathakali

Kerala Kutchipudi Andhra Pradesh

Khantumm

Mizoram Karma Madhya Pradesh

Laho

Meghalaya Mohiniattam Kerala

Mando

Goa Manipuri Manipur

Nati

Himachal Pradesh Nat-Natin Bihar

Odissi

Orissa Rauf Jammu &Kashmir

Yakshagan

Karnataka

Famous Dancer Instrumentalists and Vocalists in India

Famous Dancer

Bharatnatyam

Bala Saraswati, C. V. Chandrasekhar, Leela Samson, Mrinalini Sarabhai, Padma Subramanyam, Rukmini Devi, Sanyukta Panigrahi, Sonal Mansingh, Yamini Krishnamurti

Kathak

Bharti Gupta, Birju Maharaj, Damayanti Joshi, Durga Das, Gopi Krishna, Kumudini Lakhia, Sambhu Maharaj, Sitara Devi

Kuchipudi

Josyula Seetharamaiah, Vempathi Chinna Sthyam

Manipuri

Guru Bipin Sinha, Jhaveri Sisters, Nayana Jhaveri, Nirmala Mehta, Savita Mehta Debaprasad Das, Dhirendra Nath Pattnaik, Indrani Rahman, Kelucharan Mahapatra, Priyambaba Mohanty, Sonal Mansingh

Instrumentalists

Sarod

Ali Akbar Khan, Allaudin Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, Buddhadev Dasgupta, Bahadur Khan, Sharan Rani, Zarin S. Sharma

Tabla

Alla Rakha Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Nikhil Ghosh, Zakir Hussain

Violin

Baluswamy Dikshitar, Gajanan Rao Joshi, Lalgudi G. Jayaraman, M. S. Gopala krishnan, Mysore T. Chowdiah, T. N. Krishnan

Shehnal

Bismillah Khan

Sitar

Nikhil Banerjee, Ravi Shankar, Vilayat Khan, Hara Shankar Bhattacharya

Flute

Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghose, T. R. Mahalingam

Veena

K. R. Kumaraswamy lyer, Doraiswami lyengar

Vocalists

Hindustani

Shubha Mudgal, Bheemsen Joshi, Madhup Mudgal, Mukul Shivputra, Pandit Jasraj, Parveen Sultana, Naina Devi, Girija Devi, Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Gangubai Hangal, Krishna Hangal, V. Rajput, Kumar Gandharva, Faiyyaz Khan, Mallikarjun Mansur, Kishori Amonkar, Ustad Rashid Khan.

Carnatic

M. S. Subbalakshmi, Balamuralikrishna, Bombay Jaishree, H. K. Raghavendra, H. K. Venkataram, Sitarajam, Mani Krishnaswamy, Akhil Krishnan, M. L. Vasanthakumari, M. D. Ramanathan, G. N. Balasubramaniam

Thumri

Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Mazhar Ali Khan, Ustad Zawad Ali Khan, Rita Ganguli, Poornima Chaudhary, Shanti Heerananda, Naina Devi

Quwwali

Ghulam Hasan Niyazi, Sultan Niyazi, Ghulam Farid Nizami, Chand Nizami, Iqbal Hussain Khan Bandanawaji, Aslam Sabari

Dhrupad

Ustad Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar, Zahiruddin Dagar, Waslfuddin Dagar, Bundecha Bandhu, Uday Bhawalkar, Pt. Abhay Narayan Mallick, Pt. Ritwik

Wimbledon Tennis Mens Double

2013 - Bob Bryab (USA) and Muke Bryan (USA) win the Wimbledon mens double title 2013 by defeating Ivan Dodig (CRO) and Marcelo Melo (BRA). 2012 - Jonathan Marry of UK and Frederik Nielson of Denmark won the title, beating Robert Lindstedt of Sweden and Horia Tecau of Romania.

2011 - Bob Bryan & Mike Bryan (USA) defeated Robert Lindstedt (SWE) & Horia Tecau (ROU) by 6-3, 6-4, 7-6 (7-2) 2010 - Jürgen Melzer(Austria) and Philipp Petzschner(Germany) defeated Robert Lindstedt(Sweeden) and Horia Tecau(Romania) Mens Single

2013 - Andy Murray beat Novak Djokovic to become the first Briton to win the Wimbledon men's singles title. 2012 - Roger Federer of Switzerland clinched the 2012 Wimbledon men's singles title, beating Andy Murray of the United Kingdom.

2011 - Novak Djokovic (SRB) Defeated Rafael Nadal (ESP) by 6-4, 6-1, 1-6, 6-3 2010 - Rafael Nadal (Spain) defeated Tomas Berdych(Czch Republic)

2009 - Roger Federer(Switzerland) defeted Andy Roddick (USA) 2008 - Rafel Nadal(Spain) defeated Roger Federer(Switzerland)

2007 - Roger Federer(Switzerland) defeted Rafel Nadal(Spain) Mixed Double 2013 - Daniel Nestor (CAN) and Kristina Mladenovic (FRA) win the Wimbledon mixed double title 2013 by defeating Bruno Soares (BRA) and Lisa Raymond (USA).

2012 - Mike Bryan and Lisa Raymond of USA beat Leander Paes of India and Elena Vesnina of Russia in the final to clinch the mixed doubles title. 2011 - Jurgen Melzer (AUT) & Iveta Benesova (CZE) defeated Mahesh Bhupathi (IND) & Elena Vesnina (RUS) by 6-3, 6-2

2010 - Leander Paes(India) and Cara Black(Zimbabwe) defeated Wesley Moodie(South Africa) and Lisa Raymond(USA) Womens Double 2013 - Su-Wei Hsieh (TPE) and Shuai Peng (CHN) win the Wimbledon womens double title 2013 by defeating Ashleigh Barty (AUS) and Casey Dellacqua (AUS).

2012 - Serena Williams and her sister Venus Williams of USA clinched the women's double title by defeating Andrea Halavackova and Lucie Hradecka of Czech Republic. 2011 - Kveta Peschke (CZE) & Katarina Srebotnik (SLO) defeated Sabine Lisicki (GER) & Samantha Stosur (AUS) by 6-3, 6-1.

2010 - Vania King(USA) and Yaroslava Shvedova(Kazakhstan) defeated Elena Vesnina(Russia) and Vera Zvonareva(Russia) Womens Single 2013 - Marion Bartoli (FRA) win the Wimbledon womens single title for 2013 by defeating Sabine Lisicki(GER).

2012 - Serena Williams of USA won the title, beating Agnieszka Radwanska of Poland. 2011 - Petra Kvitova (CZE) defeated Maria Sharapova (RUS) by 63, 6-4.

2010 - Serena Williams(USA) defeated Vera Zvonareva(Russia) 2009 - Serena Williams (USA) defeted Venus Williams (USA)

2008 - Venus Williams (USA) defeated Serena Williams (USA) 2007 - Venus Williams (USA) defeted Marion Bartoli (France)

Us Open Tennis Mens Double

2013 - Radek Stepanek, of the Czech Republic, and Leander Paes, of India, won the 2013 U.S. Open tennis tournament after defeating Alexander Peya of Austria and Bruno Soares of Brazil, in the men's doubles final. 2012 - Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA) beat Leander Paes (IND) and Radek Stepanek (CZE).

2011 - Jurgen Melzer ( Austria), Philipp Petzschner (GER) defeated Mariusz Fyrstenberg (POL) Marcin Matkowski(POL) 2010 - Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA) defeated Rohan Bopanna (India) Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi (Pakistan) Mens Single

2013 - Rafael Nadal of Spain win the US Open Tennis Men Single title after defeating Novak Djokovic, of Serbia. 2012 - Andy Murray (UK) defeated Novak Djokovic (Sarbia)

2011 - Novak Djokovic (Sarbia) defeated Rafel Nadal (Spain) 2010 - Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Novak Djokovic (Sarbia)

2009 - Juan Martin Del Potro (Argentina) defeated Roger Federer (Switzerland) 2008 - Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeated Andy Murry (UK)

2007 - Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeated Novak Djokovic Mixed Double 2013 - Andrea Hlavackova of Czech Republic and Max Mirnyi of Belarus defeated Abigail Spears of USA and Santiago Gonzalez of Mexico.

2012 - Ekaterina Makarova (RUS) and Bruno Soares (BRA) beat Kveta Peschke (CZE) and Marcin Matkowski (POL). 2011 - Melanie Oudin(USA), Jack Sock(USA) defeated Gisela Dulko(ARG), Eduardo Schwank(ARG)

2010 - Liezel Huber (USA) and Bob Bryan (USA) defeated Kveta Peschke (CZE) and Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi (Pakistan) Womens Double 2013 - Andrea Hlavackova of Czech Republic and Lucie Hradecka of Czech Republic defeated Ashleigh Barty of Australia and Casey Dellacqua of Australia.

2012 - Sara Errani (ITA) and Roberta Vinci (ITA) beat Andrea Hlavackova (CZE) and Lucie Hradecka (CZE). 2011 - Liezel Huber (USA), Lisa Raymond(KAZ) defeated Vania King (USA), Yaroslava Shvedova(USA)

2010 - Vania King (USA) and Yaroslava Shvedova (Kazaksthan) defeated Liezel Huber (USA)and Nadia Petrova (Russia) Womens Single 2013 - Top-seeded Serena Williams won her fifth U.S. Open championship and 17th Grand Slam title overall by beating No. 2 Victoria Azarenka of Belarus.

2012 - Serena Williams (USA) beat Victoria Azarenka (Belarus) 2011 - Samantha Stosur (Australia) defeated Serena Williams (USA)

2010 - Kim Clijsters (Belgium) defeated Vera Zvonareva (Russia)

2009 - Kim Clijsters (Belgium) defeated Caroline Wozniacki (Denmark)

2008 - Serena Willams (USA) defeated Jelena Jankovic(Serbia) 2007 - Justine Henin-Hardenne (Belgium) defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova (Russia)

French Open Tennis Mens Double

2013 - Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA) beat Michael Llodra (FRA) and Nicolas Mahut (FRA) in men's double. 2012 - Max Mirnyl (BEL) & Daniel Nestor (Canada) defeated Mike Bryan & Bob Bryan (USA).

2011 - Max Mirnyi (Belarus) and Daniel Nestor(Canada) defeated Juan Sebastian Cabal and Eduardo Schwank by 7-6 (3), 3-6, 6-4 to win their first double’s title. 2010 - Daniel Nestor(Canada) and Nenad Zimonjic (Serbia) defeated Lukas Dlouhy(Czech Republic) and Leander Paes(India)

2009 - Lukas Dlouhy(Czch Republic) and Leander Paes(India) defeated Wesley Moodie(South Africa) and Dick Norman(Belgium) Mens Single 2013 - Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeated David Ferrer (Spain).

2012 - Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeated Novak Djokovic(SRB) 2011 - Rafael Nadal of Spain defeated Roger Federer of Switzerland 7-5, 7-6 (3), 5-7, 6-1 to lift the French Open 2011 Men’s trophy.

2010 - Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeated Robin Söderling(Sweeden) 2009 - Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeted Robin Soderling (Swdeen)

2008 - Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Roger Federer (Switzerland) 2007 - Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Roger Federer (Switzerland) Mixed Double

2013 - Czech Republic pair Frantisek Cermak and Lucie Hradecka won the French Open mixed doubles title by defeating Daniel Nestor of Canada and Kristina Mladenovic of France. 2012 - India's Mahesh Bhupathi and Sania Mirza won the mixed doubles French Open defeating Santiago Gonzalez of Mexico and Klaudia Jans-Ignacik of Poland.

2011 - Casey Dellacqua & Scott Lipsky 2010 - Katarina Srebotnik(Slovenia) and Nenad Zimonjic(Serbia) defeated Yaroslava Shvedova(Kazaksthan) and Julian Knowle(Austria)

2009 - L Huber(USA) and B Bryan(USA) defeated A-L Gronefeld(Germany) and M Knowles(The Bahamas) Womens Double 2013 - Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina of Russia won their first Grand Slam title by defeating defending champions Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci of Italy.

2012 - Sara Errani(Itali) and Roberta Vinci(Itali) defeated Maria Kirilenko(Russia) and Nadia Petrova(Russia) 4-6, 6-4, 6-2 in a shade over two hours to secure their first ever Grand Slam title. 2011 - Andrea Hlavachova and Lucie Hradecki of Czech Republic defeated Indian hottie Sania Mirza and russian Elena Vesnina by 6-4, 6-3 to win their first grand slam title.

2010 - Serena Williams(USA) and Venus Williams(USA) defeated Kveta Peschke(Czech Republic) and Katarina Srebotnik(Slovenia)

2009 - Anabel Medina Garrigues(Spain) and Virginia Ruano Pascual(Spain) defeated Victoria Azarenka(Belarus) and Elena Vesnina(Russia). Womens Single

2013 - Serena Williams of USA win the French Open Tennis Women's Singles Final match against Maria Sharapova of Russia at Roland Garros in Paris, France. 2012 - Russia's Maria Sharapova became the 10th woman in tennis history to win all four Grand Slam titles when she defeated Italy's Sara Errani 6-3, 6-2 in the French Open final.

2011 - Chinese Li Na defeated Italian Fransesca Scevone by 6-4, 7-6 (0) to win the Women’s title at French Open 2011. 2010 - Francesca Schiavone (Itali) defeated Samantha Stosur (Australia)

2009 - Svetlana Kuznetsova (Russia) defeted Dinara Safina (Russia) 2008 - Ana Ivanovic (Serbia) defeted Dinara Safina (Russia)

2007 - Justine Henin Hardenne (Belgium) defeated Ana Ivanovic (Serbia)

Australian Open Tennis Mens Double

2014 - L.Kubot of Pland and R.Lindstedt of Sweden defeated Eric Butorac of USA and R. Klaasen of South Africa 2013 - Bob Bryan, Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Robin Haase (Dutch) and Igor Sijsling (Dutch).

2012 - Leander Paes(IND) / Radek Stepanek (CZE) defeats Bob Bryan (USA) / Mike Bryan (USA). 2011 - Bob Bryan, Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes(IND)

2010 - Bob Bryan(USA) and Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Daniel Nestor(Canada)and Nenad Zimonjic(Serbia) 2009 - Bob Bryan(USA) and Mike Bryan(USA) defeated Mahesh Bhupathi(India)and Mark Knowles(The Bahamas) . Mens Single

2014 - Switzerland's Stanislas Wawrinka defeated Spain's Rafael Nadal 2013 - Novak Djokovic of Serbia defeated Andy Murray of UK

2012 - Novak Djokovic(SRB) beats Rafael Nadal(Spain) 2011 - Novak Djokovic (SRB) defeated Andy Murray(UK)

2010 - Roger Federer(Switzerland) defeated Andy Murray(UK) 2009 - Rafel Nadal (Spain) defeted Roger Federer (Switzerland)

2008 - Novak Djokovic (Serbia) defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga Petsonga(France) 2007 - Roger Federer (Switzerland) defeated Fernando Francisco González Ciuffardi (Chili) Mixed Double

2014 - Daniel Nestor (Canada) and Kristina Mladenovic (France) defeated Sania Mirza (India) and Horia Tecau (Romania) 2013 - Jarmila Gajdosova and Mathew Ebden of Australia defeated Lucie Hradecka and Frantisek Cermak of Czech Republic.

2012 - Bethanie Mattek-Sands (USA) and Horia Tecau (Romania) defeats Elena Vesnina (RUS) and Leander Paes(IND). 2011 - Katarina Srebotnik(SLO) and Daniel Nestor(CAN) defeated Yung-Jan Chan(TPE) and Paul Hanley(AUS)

2010 - Cara Black(Zimbabwe) and Leander Paes(India) defeated Ekaterina Makarova(Russia) and Jaroslav Levinsky(Czch Republic) 2009 - Sania Mirza(India) and Mahesh Bhupathi(India) defeated Nathalie Dechy(France) and Andy Ram(Israel) Womens Double

2014 - E. Makarova of Russia and E. Vesnina of Russia defeated S. Errani of Itali and R. Vinci of Itali 2013 - Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci of Italy defeated Ashleigh Barty and Casey Dellacqua of (Australia).

2012 - Svetlana Kuznetsova / Vera Zvonareva of Russia defeats Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci of Italy. 2011 - Gisela Dulko(ARG)and Flavia Pennetta(ITA) defeated Victoria Azarenka(BLR) and Maria Kirilenko(RUS)

2010 - Serena Williams(USA) and Venus Williams(USA) defeated Cara Black(Zimbabwe) and Liezel Huber(USA) 2009 - Serena Williams(USA) and Venus Williams(USA) defeated Daniela Hantuchova(Slovakia) and Ai Sugiyama(Japan) Womens Single

2014 - Li Na of China defeated Dominika Cibulkova of Slovakia 2013 - Victoria Azarenka Belarus defeats Li Na of China.

2012 - Victoria Azarenka Belarus defeats Maria Sharapova of Russia. 2011 - Kim Clijsters (BEL) defeated Na Li(CHN)

2010 - Serena Williams(USA) defeated Justine Henin(Belgium) 2009 - Serena Williams (USA) defeted Dinara Safina (Russia)

2008 - Maria Sharapova (Russia) defeated Ana Ivanovic (Serbia) 2007 - Serena Williams (USA) defeated Maria Sharapova (Russia)

Sports And The Terms Associated With Them

Badminton

Angled Drive Serve, Backhand Low Serve, Bird, Deuce, Double Droup, Fault, Flick Serve, Forehand Smash, Let, Lob, Love All, net Shots, Rush, Smash.

Baseball

Base, Battery, Bunting, Catcher, Diamond, Hitter, Home Infield, Outfield, Pinch, Pitcher Plate, Pullout, Short Stop, Strike.

Basketball

Ball, Basket, Blocking, Dribbling, Free Throw, Held Ball, Holding, Jump Ball, Multiple Throws, Pivot.

Billiards

Baulk Line, Break, Bolting, Cannon, Cue, Hazard, In-off, Jigger, Long jenney, Pot, Scratch, Screw Back, short Stop, Strike.

Boxing

Ausiliary Point System, Babit Punch, Break, Cut, Defence, Down, Hook, Jab, Lying On, Knock, Seconds out, Slam, Upper Cut, Weight In, Win by Knock-out.

Bridge

Auction, Bid, Chicane, Cut, Declarer, Doubleton, Dummy, Finesse, Grand Slam, Little Slam, Notrumps, Over-trick, Revoke, rubber, Ruff, Shuffle, Suit, Vulnerable.

Chess

Bishop, Capture, Castling, Checkmate, En Passant, Gambit, Grand Master, King, Knight, Pawn, Queen, Rook, Stalemate, Under Promoting.

Cricket

Ashes, Banana, Boundary, Bowling, Caught, Chinaman, Cover Drive, Crease, Doosra, Duck, Duckworth-Lewis Rule, Fine Leg, Follow On, Full Toss, Gardening, Googly, Gully, Hat-trick, Hit Wicket, Inswinger, l.b.w., Leg-break, Leg-bye, Leg Glance, late Cut, maiden Over, No Ball, Off Break, On Drive, Out, Outswinger, Over, Mandatory Over, over Pitch, Popping Crease, Rubber, Run Down, Run Out, Short Pitch, Silly Point, Slip, Square Leg, Stone Walling, Straight Drive, Stumped, Short leg, Spin, Swing, Thirdman, Yorker.

Croquet

Hoops, Mallet, Peg Out.

Draughts

Huff

Football

Advantage Clause, Blind Side, Centre Forward, Corner Kick, Dead Ball, Direct Free Kick, Dribble, Goal kick, Golden Goal, Hat-trick, Marking, OffSide, Penalty Kick, Penalty Shootout, Red Card, Striker, Throw In, Tripping.

Golf

Best-ball Foursome, Bogey, Bunker, Caddie, Dormy, Fairway, Fourball, Foursome, Greed Holes, Links, Niblic, Par, Put, Rough, Stymied, Tee, Threesome.

Gymnastics

A-bars, Ariel, Blocks, Cone of Swing, Dish, Flairs, Giants, Inlocate, Kip, Planche, Tariff, Tumble, Virtuosity, Wrap.

Hockey

Advantage, Back-stick, Bully, Cary, Centre Forward, Corner, Dribble, Flick, Free-hit, Goal Line, Green Card, Halfway Line, Hat-trick, Off-side, Red Car, Roll -in, Scoop, Short Corner, Sixteen-yard hit, Square Pass, Stick, Striking Cirele, Tackle, Tie-breaker, Zonal Marking.

Horse Racing

Jockey, Punt, Steeplechase, Thorough Bred.

Judo

Ashi-waza, chui, Dan, Dojo, Gyaku, Hajime, Ippon, Jigotai, Kaeshiwaza, Koka, Makikomi, Nage-waza, O-goshi, Randori, Scarf, Tani-Otoshi, Uchi-komvi, Waki-gatame, Yoshi, Yuko.

Karate

Age Zuki, Ai-uchi, Aka, Chakugan, Dachi, Encho Sen, Fudotachi, Gedan, Geri, Hajime, Ibuki, Jion, Kakato, Koka, Makiwara, Nidan, Obi, Rei, Sanbon, Shiro, Tobigeri, Ude, Waza-ari, Yoko-geri, Zanshin, Zen-no.

Polo

Bunker, Chukker, Mallet.

Rowing

Bow, Bucket, Cow, Ergometer, Feather, Paddle, Regatta.

Rugby Football

A Trackle, Lines, Scrum, Touch, Try.

Shootng

Bag, Bull's Eye, Marksmanship, Muzzle, Plug.

Skiing

Tobogganing.

Swimming

Breast Stroke, Crawl.

Table Tennis

Anti Loop, Backspin, Chop, Loop, Penhold Grip, Push, Spin, Twiddle.

Tennis

Ace, Backhand Stroke, Deuce, Deep Volley, Deuce, Double Fault, Fault, Ground Stroke, Half Volley, Let, Love, Slice, Smash, Volley

Volleyball

Ace, Base-line, Blocking, Doubling, Foot Fault, Heave, Holding, Jump Set, Lob Pass, Love All, Point, Quick Smash, Scouting, Service, Spike, Tactical Ball, Volley, Windmill Service.

Trophies Associated With Various Sports and Games

Air Racing

Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King's Cup, World Cup.

Archery

Federation Cup

Athletics

Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup, World Cup.

Badminton

Agarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Austrelasia Cup, Chadha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatollah Challenge Cup, Konica Cup, Narng cup, Sophia Kitiakara Cup, Konica Cup, S. R. Ruia Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdul Rahman Cup, Uber Cup, World Cup, Yonex Cup.

Basketball

Basalat Jha Trophy, B. C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S. M. Arjuna Raja trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, William Jones Cup.

Billiards

Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup.

Boat Rowing

American Cup (Yacht racing), Wellington Trophy (India).

Boxing

Aspy Adjahia Trophy, federation Cup, Val iBaker Trophy.

Bridge

Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy.

Chess

Naidu Trophy, Khaitan Trophy, Limca Trophy, Linares City Trophy, World Cup.

Cricket

Anthony D'Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar Challenge Cup, C. K. Nayudu Trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Gavaskar-Border Trophy, G. D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmad Trophy, hakumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Interface Cup, Irani Trophy, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, Lombard World Challenge Cup, McDowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Trophy, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, NatWest Trophy, Prudential Cup (World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.

Football

African Natons Cup, Airlines Cup, america Cup, Asia Cup, Asian Women's Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, B. C. Roy Trophy, Begum Hazrat Mahal Cup, Bicentennial Gold Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, Confederations Cup, DCM Cup, Durand Cup, European Cup, FA Cup, Federation Cup, G. V. Raja Memorial Trophy, gold Cup, Governor's Cup, Greek Cup, Great Wall Cup, IFA Shield, Independence Day Cup, Indira Gandhi Trophy, Inter-Continental Cup, Jawaharlal Nehru Gold Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Kings Cup, Kirin Cup, Lal Bahadur Shastri Trophy, McDowell Cup, Merdeka Cup, Nagjee Trophy, Naidunia Trophy, Nations Cup, NFL Trophy, Nehru Gold Cup, Nizam Gold Cup, Raghbir Singh Memorial Cup, Rajiv Gandhi Trophy, Rovers Cup, Sanjay Gold Cup, Santosh Trophy, Scissors Cup, Sir Ashutohs Mukherjee Trophy, Stafford Cup, Subroto Cup, Supercup Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, UEFA Cup, US Cup, Vittal Trophy, Winner's Cup, World Cup.

Golf

Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Inter-Continental Cup, Maekyung LG Fashion Open Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, Paralamdi Trophy, President's Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, Waterford Crystal Trophy, World Cup.

Hockey

Agha Khan Cup, Allwyn Asia Cup, Azlan Shah Cup, Beighton Cup, Bhim Sain Trophy, BMW Trophy, Bombay Gold Cup, Champions Trophy, Clarke Trophy, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Esanda Champions Cup, European Nations Cup, Gurmeet Trophy, Guru Nanak Cup, Gyanvati Devi Trophy, Indira Gandhi Gold Cup, Intercontinental Cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Cup, Kuppuswamy Naidu Cup, Lady Rattan Tata Cup (women), Lal Bahadur Shastri Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Modi Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Nehru Trophy, Obaidullah Gold Cup, Prime Minister's Gold cup, Rangaswami Cup, Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Rene Frank Trophy, Sanjay Gandhi Trophy, Scindia gold Cup, Shriram Trophy, Tunku Abdul Razak Cup, Wellington Cup, World Cup, Yadavindra Cup.

Horse Racing

Beresford Cup, Blue Riband, Derby, Grand Natonal Cup.

Kabaddi

Federation Cup

Kho-Kho

Federation Cup

Netball

Anantrao Pawar Trophy.

Polo

Ezar Cup, Gold Cup, King's Cup, President Cup, Prithi Singh Cup, Radha Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup.

Rowing

Beefeather's Gin.

Rugby Football

Bledisloe Cup; Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy.

Shootng

North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix.

Snooker

Team Tournament Asean Cup.

Table Tennis

Asian Cup, Berna Bellack Cup, Corbillion Cup (women), Electra Gold Cup, Gasper-Giest Prize, Grand Prix, Jayalaxmi Cup (women), Kamala Ramanunjan Cup, Marcel Corbillon Cup, Pithapuram Cup (men), Swaythling Cup (men), Travancore Cup (women), U Thant Cup, World Cup.

Tennis

Ambre Solaire Cup, A T&T Cup, Champions Cup, ATP President's Cup, Davis Cup, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Cup, Edgbaston Cup, Evert Cup, Federation Cup, Ghafar Cup, Grand Prix, Grand Slam Cup, Nations' Cup, Watson's Water Trophy, Wightman Cup, Wimbledon Trophy, World Cup, World Team Cup.

Volleyball

Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, World Cup, World League Cup.

Weightlifting

World Cup.

Wrestling

Bharat Kesari, Burdwan Shield, World Cup.

Yachting

America Cup